I. Botanical classification:
Sr. No. | Family | Common Name | Botanical Name | Chromosome Number (2n) |
A. | Monocotyledonous | |||
1 | Arecaceae | Coconut | Cocos nucifera | 32 |
2 | Areca Nut | Areca catechu | 32 | |
3 | Oil Palm | Elaeis guineensis | 32 | |
4 | Date Palm | Phoenix dactylifera | 36 | |
5 | Bromeliaceae | Pineapple | Ananas comosus | 50 |
6 | Musaceae | Banana | Musa paradisiaca | 22,33,44 |
B. | Dicotyledonous | |||
7 | Anacardiaceae | Mango | Magifera indica | 40 |
8 | Cashewnut | Anacardium occidentale | 42 | |
9 | Pista | Pistacia vera | 30 | |
10 | Apocynaceae | Karonda | Carissa carandas | 22 |
11 | Caricaceae | Papaya | Carica papaya | 18 |
12 | Euphorbiaceae | Aonla | Emblica officinalis | 18 |
13 | Rubber | Hevea brasiliensis | 36 | |
14 | Juglandaceae | Walnut | Juglans regia | 32 |
15 | Leguminosae | Tamarind | Tamarindus indica | 24 |
16 | Moraceae | Fig | Ficus carica | 26 |
17 | Jack Fruit | Artocarpus hetrophyllus | 56 | |
18 | Myrtaceae | Guava | Psidium guajava | 22 |
19 | Jamun | Syzygium cumini | 40 | |
20 | Punicaceae | Pomegranate | Punica granatum | 18 |
21 | Rhamenaceae | Ber | Zizyphus mouritiana | 48 |
22 | Rosaceae | Almond | Prunus amygladus | 16 |
23 | Apple | Malus domestica | 34 | |
24 | Apricot | Prunus armeniaca | 16 | |
25 | Peach | Prunus persica | 16 | |
26 | Pear | Pyrus communis | 34 | |
27 | Plum (European) | Prunus domestica | 48 | |
28 | Plum (Japanese) | Prunus salicina | 16 | |
29 | Strawberry | Fragaria chiloensis | 14 | |
30 | Rubiaceae | Coffee | Coffee arabica | 44 |
31 | Rutaceae | Beal | Aegle marmelos | 18 |
32 | Citron | Citrus medica | 18 | |
33 | Grapefruit | Citrus paradise | 18 | |
34 | Karna Khatta | Citrus karna | 18 | |
35 | Jambhiri | Citrus jambhiri | 18 | |
36 | Lemon | Citrus limon | 18 | |
37 | Lime | Citrus aurantifolia | 18 | |
38 | Mandarin Ornage | Citrus reticulata | 18 | |
39 | Rangpur Lime | Citrus limonia | 18 | |
40 | Sweet Lime | Citrus limettoides | 18 | |
41 | Sweet Orange | Citrus sinensis | 18 | |
42 | Pummelo | Citrus grandis | 18 | |
43 | Sapotaceae | Sapota | Achars zapota | 26 |
44 | Sapindaceae | Litchi | Litchi chinensis | 28 |
45 | Sterculaceae | Cocoa | Theoproma cocao | 20 |
46 | Theaceae | Tea | Cammellia sinensis | 15 |
47 | Tiliaceae | Phalsa | Grewia subinaequalis | 36 |
48 | Vitaceae | Grape | Vitis vinifera | 38 |
II. Classification based on climatic requirement: –
- Temperature Fruits: – Apple, Pear, Peach, Almond, Walnut, Plum, Apricot, Pecannut, Hazelnut, Cherry, Strawberry etc.
- Tropical Fruits: – Mango, Guava, Banana, Pineapple, Sapota, Jackfruit, Papaya, Custard Apple, Carambola Persimmon, Coconut, Cashew etc.
- Sub-Tropical Fruits: – Fig, Ber, Pomegranate, Date palm, Ber, Citrus, Phalsa, Loquat, Litchi, Karonda, Grape, Beal, Aonla, Avocado etc.
III. Classification based on the nature of growth: –
- Herbaceous– Banana, Pineapple, Strawberry
- Shrubaceous – Karonda, Phalsa, Pomegranate,
- Woody / tree: – Mango, Ber, Sapota, Jamun, Guava, Pear, Peach, Apple, Jackfruit etc.
- Climber: – Grapes, kiwi etc.
IV. Classification based on fruit type: –
- Berry: – Banana, Papaya, Grape, Sapota, Kiwi, Arecanut, Avocado, Date palm, Guava,
- Pome: – Apple, Pear, Quince, Loquat
- Drupe/Stone: – Plum, Mango, Peach, Ber, Coconut, Cherry, Cocoa, Coffee, Jamun, Almond, Apricot.
- Hesperidium: – Citrus
- Nut: – Litchi, Cashew nut, Walnut, Chestnut, Pecanut, Rambutan
- Capsule: – Aonla, carambola,
- Aggregate Fruits / Eteario of berries: – Raspberry, Custard Apple, Blackberry, Strawberry
- Psorosis: – Pineapple, Jackfruit, Mulberry, Breadfruit
- Syconus: – Fig
V. Classification based on the continuation of growth: –
- Evergreen: – Mango, Citrus, Litchi, Sapota etc.
- Deciduous: – Apple, Pear, Peach, Plum, Apricot, etc.
VI. Classification based on ripening behaviour
- Climacteric Fruits: –The sharp rise in respiration after harvesting.
Example: – Mango, Banana, Custard Apple, Fig, Peach, Guava, Papaya, Apple, Sapota, Pear, Plum, Jackfruit, Passion Fruit.
- Non-climacteric Fruits: – Steady respiration at the time of harvesting.
Example:- Citrus, Grapes, Pomegranate, Litchi, Ber, Pineapple, Jamun, Cashew, Cherry, Strawberry,
VII. Classification based on photoperiod requirement: –
- Short day plant: – Plants require day length (light period) less than 12 hours.
Example: – Strawberry, Pineapple, Coffee,
- Long day plant: – Plants require day (light period) length 12 hours or more.
Example:- Plaintain, Passion Fruit, Apple
- Day neutral plants: – Not affected by day length or light period.
Example:- Papaya, Guava, Banana
VIII. Classification based on salinity tolerance: –
Tolerant | Moderate Tolerant | Sensitive |
Ber | Fig | Peach |
Pomegranate | Citrus | Apricot |
Phalsa | Mango | Avocado |
Date | Grape | Almond |
Aonla | Cashew | Plum |
Custard Apple | Jamun | Pear |
Guava | Strawberry |